Monday, August 24, 2020

Consultancy project (Newspaper),Report style Essay

Consultancy venture (Newspaper),Report style - Essay Example Numerous papers are supported by nearby governments who effectively impact content. It might likewise be contended that there is extensive redirection to online hotspots for news. About the entirety of the print renditions of papers, presently have web forms. A large portion of the realistic components from the print variants have been adjusted to the PC screen, making print and online adaptations predictable and conspicuous. Entangling the blend is the nearness of unknown dialect papers, especially those written in English. Some are English language renditions of Russian papers, while others, for example, The St. Petersburg Times, Moscow Times and Neva News, are only composed and distributed for an English talking readership. In St. Petersburg, there are no English language TV channels or radio broadcasts, so it is expected that these papers assume a significant job in the ostracize network as a news source. Nature of paper configuration differs broadly. A few structures are shockingly appealing, maybe because of rivalry for perusers constrained ability to focus. A great part of the style contrasts can be associated to the division of the paper advertise and the colossal contrasts in taste among papers target crowds. Papers were all initially socialist gathering, or state claimed broad communications devices and commonly ran anecdotes about gatherings of Party authorities and hostile to western purposeful publicity during the Soviet time frame. Presently, a large number of these papers have advanced into openly consumable sensationalist newspapers tending to ordinary commonplace Russian life. Stories are vigorously weighted with outrage, open debasement uncovered, and diversion. Pravdas readership was initially more than 13 million during the stature of the Soviet Union, yet then endured in the post Soviet breakdown and in the long run shut down. It has been renewed triple, and there is a following battle to legitimately keep up responsibility for once renowned name, presently guaranteed by three unique

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Investors Gain New Clout Essay Example for Free

Speculators Gain New Clout Essay From the numerous issues currently being experienced by the US in their economy and the manner in which they direct their organizations, lawmakers and different gatherings are going to better approaches to improve the old framework and pull America’s economy out of its droop. The most recent among these moves is the move by the authoritative to give investors more force and control in setting and removing individuals from the top managerial staff. This move has become an issue because of the move in power as far as whose intrigue is supported by the decision. There are a few distinct interests that exist in an organization particularly when people and gatherings inside it decide. There are investor premiums, representative premiums, the board premiums and partner premiums that contention with one another. The present issue features the contentions that emerge between the interests of the administration and the investors just as the various premiums of the investors themselves. This is the place the conflict starts. From one viewpoint, the individuals who support of the new decision keep up that their advantages are being maintained particularly on the grounds that they are the ones who put resources into the business. This advances their primary enthusiasm of the association prevailing in the long haul in view of the ventures they have placed into the business. While the past decision incapacitates little investors, this new standard gives them voice through the procedure of â€Å"proxy access† as long as they have in any event 3% of the controlling stock. This will empower them to communicate their contradiction and disappointment in the board individuals and remove them particularly on the off chance that they imagine that the activities of the board are not fitting. Then again, the interests of the administration, will be tested by the new decision and could bring about issues in usage and effectiveness. While the defendability and the apparent negative impacts of this decision are contestable, one thing is clear: large business that incensed their financial specialists would go under tension and could end up reexamining their systems. A perceptible thing about this change is the evident relativity on how majority rules system is seen. Prior to the decision, numerous chiefs filled in as the marking body for the CEOs and other high positioning officials they are entrusted to manage. This brings into light the evident control of CEOs and different administrators paying little mind to how the proprietors of the organization feel about their choices. With proprietors at long last having a proportion of control to a reasonable and unprejudiced chance to choose free executives, numerous things are going to change in enterprises beginning with both the board and top administration centering, rather, on serving the interests of the investors as their need. With the democratization of the investors as they are given more force, numerous in the board will consider such to be methodology as a bane as opposed to the shelter they have constantly seen it to be. Business roundtables, so as to shroud their endeavors at slanting the corporate political race procedures to support the enterprise over generous investor premiums, have attempted to stop such democratization of intensity inside their frameworks. In any case, their endeavors have as of late been bested by the â€Å"proxy access† rule. The new decision has made corporate chiefs straightforwardly responsible to the activities of the organization. This will result in (at any rate hypothetically) the improvement of exhibitions of the executives except if they need to be removed from office and supplanted by free competitors picked by the investors who are against their presentation. This force is, nonetheless, a twofold edged blade. Propelling the interests of investors who, among themselves, have various premiums could end up being an excessively bureaucratic and unwieldy procedure where all sides would should be pacified so as to cause no one’s fury and be excused from the position they have been holding. With as meager as 3%holding offers, corporate chiefs will host numerous gatherings to assuage, which will expect them to be exceptionally powerful and magnetic, just as having a general decent presentation, in the event that they need to remain on the board.

Sunday, July 19, 2020

How the Negative Photo Illusion Works

How the Negative Photo Illusion Works Theories Cognitive Psychology Print How the Negative Photo Illusion Works By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on January 23, 2020 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD on January 23, 2020 geloo, modified by Kendra Cherry More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Did you think that you needed a darkroom to process a negative photo into a full-color image? In this fun optical illusion, you can see how your visual system and  brain  are actually able to briefly create a color image from a negative photo. How to Perform the Illusion Stare at the dots located at the center of the womans face for about 30 seconds to a minute.Then turn your eyes immediately to the center x of the white image on the right of the womans face.Blink quickly several times. What do you see? If youve followed the directions correctly, you should see an image of a woman in full-color. If you are having trouble seeing the effect, try staring at the negative image a bit longer or adjusting how far you are sitting from your computer monitor. Explanations How does this fascinating visual illusion work? What you are experiencing is known as a negative  afterimage. This happens when the photoreceptors, primarily the cone cells, in your eyes become overstimulated and fatigued causing them to lose sensitivity. In normal everyday life, you dont notice this because tiny movements of your eyes keep the cone cells located at the back of your eyes from becoming overstimulated. Why Do People Experience Afterimages as an Optical Illusion? If, however, you look at a large image, the tiny movements in your eyes arent enough to reduce overstimulation. As a result, you experience what is known as a negative afterimage. As you shift your eyes to the white side of the image, the overstimulated cells continue to send out only a weak signal, so the affected colors remain muted. However, the surrounding photoreceptors are still fresh and so they send out strong signals that are the same as if we were looking at the opposite colors. The brain then interprets these signals as the opposite colors, essentially creating a full-color image from a negative photo. According to the  opponent process theory of color vision, our perception of color is controlled by two opposing systems: a magenta-green system and a blue-yellow system. For example, the color red serves as an antagonist to the color green so that when you stare too long at a magenta image you will then see a green afterimage. The magenta color fatigues the magenta photoreceptors so that they produce a weaker signal. Since magentas opposing color is green, we then interpret the afterimage as green.

Thursday, May 21, 2020

Breast Cancer - 1217 Words

Case Study 1: Breast Cancer Situation: The client is a 50-year-old female teacher who was notified of an abnormal screening mammogram. Diagnosis of infiltrating ductal carcinoma was made following a stereotactic needle biopsy of a 1.5 x 1.5 cm lobulated mass at the 3:00 position in her left breast. The client had a modified radical mastectomy with lymph node dissection. The sentinel lymph node and 11 of 16 lymph nodes were positive for tumor. Estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors were both positive. Further staging work-up was negative for distant metastasis. Her final staging was stage IIB. Her prescribed chemotherapy regimen is 6 cycles of CAF after a single-lumen central line was placed. 1. The client asks you to help†¦show more content†¦75 mg x 1.82 = 136.5 mg CASE STUDY PROGRESS: The client has now received 3 cycles of combination chemotherapy for her breast cancer. Her last treatment with doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and 5-fluorouracil was approximately 12 days ago. She came to the emergency room with a 2-day history of fever, chills, and shortness of breath. On arrival, she is disoriented and agitated. Vital signs are 86/43, 119, 28, 39.8 ° C, SaO2 85% on room air. Laboratory data include WBC 1.2 thou/cmm, Hct 24.9%, Hgb 8.7 g/dl, platelets 125 thou/cmm. Differential WBC count shows 37% granulocytes, 60% lymphocytes, 3% monocytes. Chem 14 is within normal limits, with the exception of BUN 28 mg/dl, creatinine 1.6 mg/dl, and lactic acid 2.4 mg/dl. Chest x-ray demonstrates diffuse infiltrates in the left lower lung. †¢ Granulocytes include neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils. †¢ Bands, or stabs, are immature neutrophils. †¢ Nongranulocytes include lymphocytes and monocytes. The formula for absolute granulocyte count (AGC) is: AGC = Granulocyte count (%Neutrophils + %Bands)/100 X WBC AGC = 0.37 X 1200 = 444/cmm 10. The client’s AGC is 444/cmm. What is the significance of an AGC of 444/cmm? An AGC of less than 500/cmm puts a patient at a severe risk of infection. Some labs still report both neutrophils and bands, so this calculation is necessary. Modern labs report straight granulocyte. 11. What are the probable causes of the abnormal laboratoryShow MoreRelatedBreast Cancer And Cancer Prevention2347 Words   |  10 Pages INTRODUCTION Statistics indicate that breast cancer-related complications are among the top causes of death among women for over 23% of all women’s deaths in the world (Donepudi et al., 2014). The great cases of breast cancer are attributed to lack of information on and hard data on the disease, especially on early diagnosis and treatment options. In America, breast cancer is among the top causes of cancer-related deaths, and the mortality rate is relatively high as compared to the neighboring countriesRead MoreThe For Breast Cancer Action1612 Words   |  7 Pagesintention to give some part of the profit towards breast cancer causes. Ironically, the money made from this marketing will often not significantly benefit somebody with breast cancer. The pink ribbon was originally created by the Susan G Komen foundation yet anybody can use this symbol, because there is no intellectual copyright on it. Pinkwashing is term was first coined by the organization called breast cancer action, whose m ission is to â€Å"Breast Cancer Action’s mission is to achieve health justiceRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer Essay1433 Words   |  6 PagesBreast cancer is a carcinoma that develops due to malignant cells in the breast tissue. Cancerous cells are more likely to produce in the milk-producing ducts and the glands, ductal carcinoma, but in rare cases, breast cancer can develop in the stromal, fatty, tissues or surrounding lymph nodes, especially in the underarm (Breast Cancer). For women, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the 2nd leading cause of cancer death – behind skin cancer. While treatment or surgeries canRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1346 Words   |  6 Pagesinternational symbol for breast cancer support and awareness. Breast cancer knows neither racial boundaries nor age restrictions. Females of all ages and ethnicities can develop breast cancer and it is the leading most common cancer among women. Calling at tention to this often fatal disease is important by supporting its victims, families and friends of victims, as well as raising funds for breast cancer research. Though males are not immune from developing a breast cancer, for the purposes of thisRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer946 Words   |  4 PagesSkylar Steinman Period 6 Ms. Jobsz 12 February , 2016 Breast Cancer It is commonly known that Breast Cancer is one of the most insidious diseases that mankind has had to deal with. With the discovery of the BRCA1( BReast Cancer gene one) and BRCA2 (BReast Cancer gene two) genes, breast cancer can be detected with a great amount of certainty on a genetic level in some women and men. 40,000 women and men die of breast cancer each year. Knowing this it is very important to try to detect the mutationRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1530 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Cancer† is the name for a group of diseases that start in the body at the cellular level. Even though there are many different kinds of cancer, they all begin with abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These abnormal cells lump together to form a mass of tissue or â€Å"malignant tumor†. Malignant means that it can spread to other parts of the body or Metastasize . If the breast is the original location of the cancer gr owth or malignant tumor, the tumorRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer Essay1741 Words   |  7 Pages Internationally, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer related death amongst women. (CITE) Each year an estimated 1.7 million new cases are diagnosed worldwide, and more than 500,000 women will die of the disease. (CITE) According to (CITE), somewhere in the world one woman is diagnosed with breast cancer every 19 seconds and more than three women die of breast cancer every five minutes worldwide. (CITE) Breast cancer is a heterogeneous condition thatRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1372 Words   |  6 PagesBreast Cancer Disease Overview Breast cancer is a disease in which certain cells in the breast become abnormal and multiply uncontrollably to form a tumor. Breast cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. (Only skin cancer is more common.) About one in eight women in the United States will develop invasive breast cancer in her lifetime. Researchers estimate that more than 230,000 new cases of invasive breast cancer will be diagnosed in U.S. women in 2015. Cancers occur when aRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1471 Words   |  6 PagesBreast cancer Introduction to Breast cancer Breast cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer only surpassed by lung cancer. It involves a cancerous tumour located inside the breast but spreads if treatment is not administered. (Evert et al 2011) Breast cancer can be treated if diagnosed in its early stages but becomes progressively more difficult upon reaching more advancing malignant stages. Breast cancer can be confused with being a female only disease however both sexes suffer. AccordingRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1921 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Cancer is a term that every individual on this planet wants to avoid hearing when they go to their yearly check up at the doctors. However, as person ages, they are prone to develop some sort of sickness and most of the time, they could develop cancer of some sort. For this research paper, I am going to go over breast cancer. Breast cancer is a well-known type of cancer with awareness events going on to support both women and men who has breast cancer. According to American Cancer Society

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Alzheimer s Disease A Progressive Mental Deterioration

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive mental deterioration that can happen in middle or old age, due to generalized degeneration of the brain. Alzheimer’s disease is one form of dementia that gets harmful over time. Dementia is a loss of brain function that occurs with other diseases such as Alzheimer’s. Scientists believe that Alzheimer’s disease results from genetics, lifestyle, and environmental factors that impact the brain. Alzheimer’s disease damages and kills brain cells and it also leads to brain shrinkage. In the brain tissue there are two types of abnormalities that are considered toward the disease, Plaques and Tangles. Plaques are clumps of proteins that may hurt and destroy brain cells. Tangles are a system that requires the normal structure and functioning of a protein. There are many symptoms when it comes to Alzheimer’s disease. For example, memory, you forget conversations you had, misplace possessions, and eventually will f orget the names of everyday objects and family members. Overtime you forget how to speak, write, and think. There are also changes in the personality such as depression, anxiety, mood swings, changes in sleeping habits, and even wandering. There are two drugs that are used to slow down the process of Alzheimer’s since they have not found a cure. The first drug is called Cholinesterase Inhibitors, which is a drug for boosting levels of a cell-to-cell communication. The second drug is called Memantine, which works with another brainShow MoreRelatedAlzheimer s Disease And Other Memory Disorders1101 Words   |  5 PagesKennedy Cooper Biotechnology 5th period What are scientists using to diagnose Alzheimer s Disease and other memory disorders early and why should they do so when there is still no cure for it?more Alzheimer s disease is a progressive disease that destroys memory and other important mental functions. It is also the disease that took my grandfather. Since there is no cure and because of how late he was diagnosed, there was little the doctors could do for him. I personally noticed changes in my grandfatherRead MoreSymptoms Of Alzheimer s Disease1006 Words   |  5 PagesAlzheimer s disease is a severe illness that affects the brain and leads to gradual memory loss, reduced intellectual ability and deterioration function of thinking. Alzheimer s disease (AD), the most common type of dementia, is a progressive neurological disorder that increasingly robs individuals of cognitive, behavioral, and functional skills (Demakis, 2007). The reason for the appearance this disease is a collection of disorders in the brain due to which its cells are dying partially. In theRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : The Most Common Form Of Dementia1427 Words   |  6 PagesDementia, known as one of the world s current pandemics, is estimated to be the fourth most common cause of death in the developed country, second only to cardiovascular, cerebrovascular diseases and cancer. With the aging population, dementia has gradually become a serious threat to the health of the elderly people in Australia. Alzheimer s disease is the most common form of dementia. Alzheimer s disease usually occurs in a primary degenerative encephalopathy in senile and pre senior periodRead MoreInfluence Of Mental Health And Families, Friends, And Other Close Personal Relationships1585 Words   |  7 Pagesinvestigation the influence of mental health and families, friends, and other close personal relationships, specifically Alzheimer s disease. Alzheimer s Disease is a progressive form of dementia, that damages the brain in all areas of the brain, but affects the hippocampus essential to memory and learning. Atrophy: genders global dysfunction progression corresponds with symptoms of the disease memory, mood, language, and recognition to daily tasks. Negative stigma surrounding mental illnesses, and misconceptionsRead MoreDementia And Alzheimer s Dementia995 Words   |  4 PagesDementia and Alzheimer s Dementia and Alzheimer’s was discovered by Dr. Alois Alzheimer. He discovered both of them, dementia is like Alzheimer’s just not as severe. Dementia has several different types, these include Alzheimer s disease, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia and Front temporal dementia. The first changes you notice with dementia is Cognitive changes. These include memory loss, difficulty communicating or finding words, difficulty with complex tasks, difficulty with planningRead MoreAlzheimerS Disease: The Biggest Culprit. AlzheimerS Disease1561 Words   |  7 PagesAlzheimer s Disease: The Biggest Culprit Alzheimer s disease is a progressive deterioration of cognitive function sufficient to cause functional disability (Hannaman, Mitchell, Cross, 2011). It is the most common cause of dementia after age 60 with initial signs reflective of hippocampal dysfunction, with poor immediate recall and short-term memory. As the disease progresses, visuospatial dysfunction (including with directions and geographic disorientation), due to parietal lobe involvement,Read MoreAlzheimer s A Progressive Disease865 Words   |  4 Pagesfreedom, your memory, and your very own identity. Alzheimer’s is a progressive disease that slowly destroys the brain’s function of memory and cognition. Eventually, it terminates the person’s ability to do everyday tasks and requires the person to be under around-the-clock care. Alzheimer’s disease is named after Dr. Alois Alzheimer. In 1906, Dr. Alzheimer noticed changes in the brain tissue of a woman who had died of an unknown mental illness (â€Å"Alzheimer’s Brain†). The woman’s symptoms includedRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : A Brief History850 Words   |  4 PagesAlzheimer s Disease: A Brief History By Dana Griffen | Submitted On March 16, 2011 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Progressive mental deterioration due to aging has been recognized and documented throughoutRead MoreMemories Are Valuable Precious Artifacts Of The Mind Essay1332 Words   |  6 Pagesway we remember things and if we remember things. Perhaps a traumatic brain injury, an untreated infection that has spread to the brain, or a brain tumor, even though these rarely take the blame this is still a possibility. Treatments for incurable diseases may cause memory problems with memory due to the adverse effects they have on the body and mind. Remembering what we are, what kind of person we used to be, and how we lived is vital to our identity. Alzheimer’s and Amnesia are equally similar asRead More Alzheimers Disease Essay1733 Words   |  7 Pages Alzheimers Disease Alzheimer ¡Ã‚ ¦s disease is a slow, progressive, and degenerative disease of the brain. This disease is marked by a gradual loss of memory and other cognitive functions. quot;Alzheimers Disease is also known as the most common cause of dementia--a general term referring to the loss of memory and the ability to think, reason, function, and behave properlyquot; (Medina,1999). It primarily affects adults in their 60s or older and eventually destroys a persons ability to perform

SNC Lavalin Reaction Paper Free Essays

The investigation found senior SYNC executives guilty of breaching the firms’ code of ethics and charged them with bribery, money laundering and fraud amounting to over $56 million. More specifically, Mr.. We will write a custom essay sample on SNC Lavalin Reaction Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Pierre Daytime, Zinc’s president, and Mr.. Riyadh Ben Sass, a former executive vice president, were accused of secretly funneling company money to Labia’s Gadding family in order to secure projects in Libya and subsequently strengthen Zinc’s presence in North Africa. Ethical Model: The primary ethical question that is to be addressed is: â€Å"Is it acceptable for Canadian companies to engage in facilitation payments to gain business in developing nations? † The active agents are Zinc’s senior management, who knowingly participated in blatant acts of bribery and fraud, as well as the Libyan facilitation agents. I will analyze SYNC Lapin’s actions using the utilitarianism model. The theory of Utilitarianism states that people should act in a manner that maximizes the total, collective utility of their actions. Zinc’s senior management would argue that they had to maximize shareholder value in order to maximize the total collective utility. Sing this OIC, the senior management felt it was important that they sourced work in all possible regions, in order to beef up their portfolio of projects. The senior management then expected this to directly translate into improved profits and higher share prices that would make shareholders and the board of directors happy. However, the senior management was also aware that certai n nations, such as Libya, demanded facilitation payments for awarding projects in their countries. The management also knew that these payments were considered to be bribes and that they are deemed illegal in Scandal. While these measures resulted in an 87% appreciation in share price in the short run, (share price grew from $31. 92/share in April 2009 to $59. 8/share in January 201 1) Zinc’s stock then proceeded to nose dive to a low of $35 once news of the bribery broke out [1]. This dramatic fall in share price was almost completely attributable to the negative emotion towards and loss Of reputation suffered by SYNC Laving as a direct result of their decision to engage in bribery. These executives did not account for the significance of upholding their firms’ reputation before providing facilitation payments. Moreover, as a result of their fraudulent behavior, SYNC is now also prohibited from undertaking projects funded by the World Bank for 10 years Consequently, contrary to senior managements’ intentions, SYNC suffered a reduction in share price combined with a loss in reputation. The above facts prove that Zinc’s management did not maximize the collective utility of their shareholders but rather proceeded to ruin their reputation by partaking in actions of bribery. The above analysis clearly shows that SYNC failed to do good by its shareholders by engaging in facilitation payments. It is also important to consider and evaluate Syncs alternatives to bribery in this case. Bribes tend to have different definitions depending on the part of the world you are dealing with. While these bribes (aka facilitation payments) are considered a part of doing business in developing nations, such as Libya, they are illegal in Canada. An interesting perspective was raised in class defending Zinc’s actions. What if Syncs facilitation payments were being used to build basic infrastructure and provide basic amenities such as schools and hospitals in the developing nation? This now raises the question as to whether facilitation payments are acceptable based on the activities being funded by these bribes. A number of valuable points were raised in class both defending and abhorring SYNC Lapin’s actions. I am of the perspective that companies must always adhere to the stricter of their country or the country where they are doing business’ rules as a guide for making ethical decisions. Consequently, I believe that firms should not elect to work in regions where they are forced to bribe local officials to gain projects. Moreover, having irked as a project engineer at a competing engineering and construction firm, know that my company refused to do business in countries, such as Libya, where bribery was a requirement to gain projects. Our senior management and C-level executives were sticklers for winning and executing projects based on a fair and competitive bidding process that ensured the best candidate was awarded the contract.. While this approach to decision making might cause companies to lose out on certain projects, It will ensure that the firm’s reputation is never tarnished. In the long run, company reputation, while being a â€Å"soft† measure, is one of the key factors in ensuring sustainability. Many world renowned companies have refused to pay bribes in foreign countries and have still managed to attain burgeoning profits while maintain a sterling reputation. For example, Shell refused to pay Venezuelan officials $35 million to maintain their license over a nickel mine It is interesting to note that Shell still owns and operates this mine in Venezuela and have never been threatened with any such facilitation payments since. How to cite SNC Lavalin Reaction Paper, Papers

SNC Lavalin Reaction Paper Free Essays

The investigation found senior SYNC executives guilty of breaching the firms’ code of ethics and charged them with bribery, money laundering and fraud amounting to over $56 million. More specifically, Mr.. We will write a custom essay sample on SNC Lavalin Reaction Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Pierre Daytime, Zinc’s president, and Mr.. Riyadh Ben Sass, a former executive vice president, were accused of secretly funneling company money to Labia’s Gadding family in order to secure projects in Libya and subsequently strengthen Zinc’s presence in North Africa. Ethical Model: The primary ethical question that is to be addressed is: â€Å"Is it acceptable for Canadian companies to engage in facilitation payments to gain business in developing nations? † The active agents are Zinc’s senior management, who knowingly participated in blatant acts of bribery and fraud, as well as the Libyan facilitation agents. I will analyze SYNC Lapin’s actions using the utilitarianism model. The theory of Utilitarianism states that people should act in a manner that maximizes the total, collective utility of their actions. Zinc’s senior management would argue that they had to maximize shareholder value in order to maximize the total collective utility. Sing this OIC, the senior management felt it was important that they sourced work in all possible regions, in order to beef up their portfolio of projects. The senior management then expected this to directly translate into improved profits and higher share prices that would make shareholders and the board of directors happy. However, the senior management was also aware that certai n nations, such as Libya, demanded facilitation payments for awarding projects in their countries. The management also knew that these payments were considered to be bribes and that they are deemed illegal in Scandal. While these measures resulted in an 87% appreciation in share price in the short run, (share price grew from $31. 92/share in April 2009 to $59. 8/share in January 201 1) Zinc’s stock then proceeded to nose dive to a low of $35 once news of the bribery broke out [1]. This dramatic fall in share price was almost completely attributable to the negative emotion towards and loss Of reputation suffered by SYNC Laving as a direct result of their decision to engage in bribery. These executives did not account for the significance of upholding their firms’ reputation before providing facilitation payments. Moreover, as a result of their fraudulent behavior, SYNC is now also prohibited from undertaking projects funded by the World Bank for 10 years Consequently, contrary to senior managements’ intentions, SYNC suffered a reduction in share price combined with a loss in reputation. The above facts prove that Zinc’s management did not maximize the collective utility of their shareholders but rather proceeded to ruin their reputation by partaking in actions of bribery. The above analysis clearly shows that SYNC failed to do good by its shareholders by engaging in facilitation payments. It is also important to consider and evaluate Syncs alternatives to bribery in this case. Bribes tend to have different definitions depending on the part of the world you are dealing with. While these bribes (aka facilitation payments) are considered a part of doing business in developing nations, such as Libya, they are illegal in Canada. An interesting perspective was raised in class defending Zinc’s actions. What if Syncs facilitation payments were being used to build basic infrastructure and provide basic amenities such as schools and hospitals in the developing nation? This now raises the question as to whether facilitation payments are acceptable based on the activities being funded by these bribes. A number of valuable points were raised in class both defending and abhorring SYNC Lapin’s actions. I am of the perspective that companies must always adhere to the stricter of their country or the country where they are doing business’ rules as a guide for making ethical decisions. Consequently, I believe that firms should not elect to work in regions where they are forced to bribe local officials to gain projects. Moreover, having irked as a project engineer at a competing engineering and construction firm, know that my company refused to do business in countries, such as Libya, where bribery was a requirement to gain projects. Our senior management and C-level executives were sticklers for winning and executing projects based on a fair and competitive bidding process that ensured the best candidate was awarded the contract.. While this approach to decision making might cause companies to lose out on certain projects, It will ensure that the firm’s reputation is never tarnished. In the long run, company reputation, while being a â€Å"soft† measure, is one of the key factors in ensuring sustainability. Many world renowned companies have refused to pay bribes in foreign countries and have still managed to attain burgeoning profits while maintain a sterling reputation. For example, Shell refused to pay Venezuelan officials $35 million to maintain their license over a nickel mine It is interesting to note that Shell still owns and operates this mine in Venezuela and have never been threatened with any such facilitation payments since. How to cite SNC Lavalin Reaction Paper, Papers